Keyhole to History: January 21, 1743, when John Fitch was born near Hartford, Connecticut. John Fitch constructed and sailed the world’s first steamboat along the waters of the Delaware River on August 22, 1787. This was sixteen years before Fulton and Livingston steamed along the Seine River in France, and twenty years before Fulton’s Clermont steamed up the Hudson River in New York. Throughout the Revolutionary War period, he expressed his firm belief that steamboats would someday rule the seas. But, with a war raging, backers were hard to find and he died penniless on a small farm in Kentucky. Had Fitch found some backers, the glory awarded to Fulton would have been his.
Keyhole to History: October 10, 1745. That’s the birth date of one of the unsung heroes of the American Revolution, Private Joseph DuBose. His grandfather, like many others in South Carolina, was a French Huguenot who came to the New World in 1685. They descended from French knights who fought in the Crusades and with the likes of Joan of Arc. The DuBoses lived along the Santee River with the Marions and the Porchers, all outspoken leaders of the American Revolution. Joseph, along with his father, all three of his brothers, several cousins, and an uncle or two, joined the local militia and fought with the noted “Swamp Fox,” Francis Marion. At least one member of the DuBose family was at every major battle fought in South Carolina during the Revolutionary War.
Today’s Keyhole to History takes us to Mondovi, Italy where on December 3, 1747, Francis Vigo was born. Vigo joined the Spanish military and was sent to New Orleans.
Following his discharge from the military, he settled at St. Louis in Upper Spanish Louisiana and by 1772 was a successful merchant and trader. His business associates included the influential Spanish Lieutenant Governor Fernando de Leyba who helped Vigo trade with Native Americans and French settlers in the area. In 1778 Vigo assisted George Rogers Clark in capturing British-held Kaskaskia and Cahokia (across from St. Louis) by providing supplies and loaning money. However, in December of that year Vigo was taken prisoner by the British at Vincennes (modern Illinois-Indiana border). After his release, Vigo shared intelligence with Clark which led to the surrender of Vincennes on February 25, 1779. After the war Vigo was active in the Vincennes militia and helped found Jefferson Academy, which is today known as Vincennes University.
Keyhole to History: April 4, 1748. That’s the day Reverend William White was born in Philadelphia. Ordained in England in 1772, White returned to become the assistant minister of Saint Peter’s Episcopal Church in Philadelphia. He was a firm believer in freedom and on the Sunday following the signing of the Declaration of Independence, he refused to officially pray for the king during his services. He and Reverend Patrick Allison, a Presbyterian from Baltimore, were named the official chaplains for our Congress, a position White held until 1801, when the seat of our new government was moved to Washington, D.C. Only through the efforts of Reverend White and the provisions granted in our new Constitution did the Episcopal Church survive in Pennsylvania.
Today’s Keyhole to History highlights military leader Henry Dearborn. Born on February 23, 1751 to a wealthy New England family, Dearborn intended to become a doctor. When war broke out military service called him to action. Dearborn formed his own militia and fought at Bunker Hill, Saratoga, and Yorktown. He journaled his experiences throughout the war and later published them in six volumes. After the war Dearborn served as the U.S. Representative for Massachusetts as well as President Jefferson’s Secretary of War. He again served in the War of 1812 as a Major General in charge of the Northeast troops, though his efforts were generally unsuccessful. After the war Dearborn failed to renew his political career, except for serving as Minister to Portugal from 1822-24.
Today’s Keyhole to History takes us to May 1, 1751, when writer and women’s rights activist Judith Sargent Murray was born in Gloucester, Massachusetts. Born to a wealthy merchant family, Murray began writing poetry at a young age. While she wrote all her life, it wasn’t until after she married Universalist minister John Murray in 1788 that her works began to be published, sometimes under a pseudonym. She was a strong proponent of women, believing they should be educated, earn wages, and have financial independence. Her most well known work is On the Equality of the Sexes, an essay published in 1790, two years before the more widely known women’s rights publication Vindication of the Rights of Women by Mary Wollstonecraft. In 1792, Murray began writing a regular column under a male name for the Massachusetts Magazine, and in 1798 she published a compendium of these writings, earning recommendations from George Washington and John Adams.
Today’s Keyhole to History, 1752, when Little Turtle, Sagamore of the Miami and leader of the Northwestern Confederacy is born. Little Turtle’s early battlefield victories convinced Shawnee leader Blue Jacket, and Chippewa, Delaware, Ottawa, and Potawatomi parties to align and secure the Ohio River as the boundary between their lands and US territories. Defeat at the Battle of Fallen Timbers and abandonment by British allies led the Confederacy to sign the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. The treaty relinquished most of Ohio and 150,000 acres along the Ohio River.Little Turtle urged Miamians to adopt peaceful resolutions and advocated for their welfare. He was the first American Indian to receive a smallpox inoculation by Dr. Benjamin Rush. Little Turtle met with President George Washington in hopes of establishing a government agency to regulate liquor trade. He sought President Thomas Jefferson’s support to introduce American agriculture to Miami Society.Little Turtle died in 1812 and was buried with military honors in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
Today’s Keyhole to History looks at George Rogers Clark, Revolutionary War general. Clark was born November 19, 1752 and began surveying land in 1771. Starting at Pittsburgh and working his way south, he explored much of the Ohio River Valley and the American frontier, which opened the Northwest Territory for settlement. Clark’s western military campaigns allowed him to collaborate with American and French leaders, disrupt British operations, and gather important allies along the way. He helped define Canadian and U.S. boundaries while successfully capturing several key forts in the region. Despite his best efforts, Detroit remained under British control. Clark established both Louisville, Kentucky, and Clarksville, Indiana, where in 1803, he built a cabin and retired.